1.0    GENERAL INFORMATION:

As a competitor in the market, my company registered as “ Rubeen Automotive”, located at 3333, 58^th Street Woodside New York, NY- 11377 hereby proposes a vehicle acquisition with the aforementioned specifications, which are required for the compatibility and/or operation of the vehicle that conforms in strength and quality of workmanship to the best standards and engineering practice of the automotive trade. 

1.1      PRIME CONTRACTOR:

In order to ensure complete coordination of all engineering details, expeditious delivery and repair responsibility, the chassis manufacturer, or the chassis manufacturer’s distributor/dealer, shall be the prime contractor. It shall be the responsibility of the prime contractor to inform the City of any errors or omissions in these specifications, for under this contract the prime contractor shall be held responsible for the design, performance, reliability and satisfactory operational functions of the vehicles.  Chassis manufacturer shall have been continually in the business of manufacturing truck type equipment for the preceding five years, and shall possess a factory adequate to ensure the full final mounted delivery of the chassis, body and hydraulic equipment specified herein.

2.0    DESIGN REQUIREMENTS:

3.0    DESIGN ASSUMPTIONS

4.0    OTTO CYCLE:

The idealized diagrams of a four-stroke Otto cycle Both diagrams: the  intake (A)  stroke is performed by an isobaric expansion, followed by an adiabatic compression (B)  stroke. Through the combustion of fuel, heat is added in a constant volume (isochoric process) process, followed by an adiabatic expansion process power (C) stroke. The cycle is closed by the  exhaust (D)  stroke, characterized by isochoric cooling and isentropic compression processes.

5.0    WARRANTY:

All engine or transmission warranty repairs must be performed by the engine or transmission manufacturer’s certified repair facility. The warranty period will begin for each unit on the first day the unit is put into service, based upon DSNY records.

5.1      ENGINE:

The entire engine-assembly will be warranted for five years, 100% parts and labor, with no miles or hours limitations. To include: turbo charger, charge air cooler and associated connections, fuel pump, fuel injector assembly, fuel lines, crankshafts, camshafts, seals, water pump and seals, wire harness and connectors, intake manifold and engine electronics, modules, and controls.

5.2      ENGINE ACCESSORIES:

All engine accessories shall be covered for a minimum of three (3) years, 100% parts and labor, with no miles or hours limitations.  Warranty shall include, but not be limited to:  air compressor, power steering pump, thermostat(s), fan drive, idler and tensioner pulleys.

5.3      TRANSMISSION:

The entire assembly including internal and external electronic controls, modules, touch-pads and harnesses, shall be warranted for five (5) years, 100% parts and labor, with no miles or hours limitations.

5.4      STEER AXLES: 

The entire steer axle assembly shall be warranted for a minimum of three (3) years, 100% parts and labor, with no miles or hours limitations.  Warranty shall include, but not be limited to:  axle I-Beam, kingpins, steering gear assembly, steering linkage, adjustment hardware, brake spider, brake camshaft and cam tube and any contingent damage resulting from fault.

5.5      DRIVE AXLES: 

The entire drive axle assembly shall be warranted for a minimum of five (5) years, 100% parts and labor, with no miles or hours limitations.  Warranty shall include, but not be limited to: pinion, input and output shaft seals, axle housing, differential assembly, axle shafts, brake spider, brake camshaft/cam tube and any contingent damage resulting from fault.

5.6      FRONT SUSPENSION: 

The entire front suspension shall be warranted for a minimum of three (3) years, 100% parts and labor, with no miles or hours limitations.

5.7      REAR SUSPENSION: 

The entire rear suspension shall be warranted for a minimum of three (3) years, 100% parts and labor, with no miles or hours limitations.

5.8      HYDRAULICS:

The complete hydraulic system, shall be warranted for a minimum of three (3) years, 100% parts and labor, with no miles or hours limitations.  All hydraulic pumps, motors, seals, valves, control solenoids, mount brackets, shafts and cylinders, shall be warranted for a minimum of five (5) years, 100% parts and labor, with no miles or hours limitations.

5.9      ELECTRICAL SYSTEM: 

The entire chassis and body electrical system, other than engine electronics and transmission electronics, shall be warranted for a minimum of three (3) years, 100% parts and labor, with no miles or hours limitations.  Warranty shall include but not be limited to: batteries, alternator, starter, and all body control and salt/calcium chloride dispensing electrical systems.

6.0    SAFETY STANDARDS:

The vehicle shall conform to all applicable rules and regulations of the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles and shall comply with the safety standards currently required by Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards by the National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration as well as Federal O.S.H.A. Regulations.

7.0    ENGINEERING RESPONSIBILITY FOR RELIABILITY:

The responsibility for the design of the equipment and performance reliability shall rest upon the prime contractor. Drawing approval delay is not grounds for extension of Contract performance.

7.1      DOCUMENTATION: 

The prime contractor agrees to supply documentation acknowledging component manufacturer’s consideration and approval of the application and installation of its components. All component manufacturers’ application approvals are due prior to Pilot Inspection. All approvals are to be for the current delivery. The components for which approvals are required: engine, transmission, axles, brakes, hydraulic pumps and air compressor.

8.0    PILOT UNIT:

A Pilot unit is required. Manufacturer must arrange Pilot Inspection in accordance with the Acceptance Requirement Section of this specification.  The first vehicle that is complete and ready for operation will be examined and tested at the prime contractor’s dealer/subcontractors location by the representatives as directed by Mr.Sharma.  Supplied laborers will demonstrate the operation of the equipment.  Emphasis shall be placed on compliance with specifications, quality of product and operation of equipment.  Final approval of first vehicle offered for acceptance will be made after the successful completion of the performance tests if applicable in New York City; acceptance inspection after all required corrections are completed and all component manufacturer’s application approvals, warranty certifications, noise emission certifications and line setting tickets are provided to and accepted by the Department.  Confirmation of such approval shall be the acceptance of this vehicle in accordance with the Acceptance Requirements Section.  Prime contractor will take shipping, final preparation and inspection time into account when scheduling deliveries.

Any manufacturing or purchasing that is done in preparation for manufacturing, prior to approval of Pilot unit, is done at prime contractor’s own risk.

8.1      RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (R&D) CLAUSE:

This Department reserves the option, for the purpose of Research and Development, to modify or reconfigure vehicles purchased under this contract. These changes may involve the modification or the substitution of any component, as well as contingent equipment including, but not limited to, the drive train, body, sub-assemblies and supporting component hardware. These modifications and/or substitutions may also include changes to introduce new primary propulsion systems (i.e. Diesel, C.N.G., Hydrogen, Hybrid Power, etc.) to vehicles and equipment covered within the contract parameters. Those vehicles that may be selected for Research and Development modifications as described above, will be dictated by technological advances and innovations within the Industry as they become available, and will be quantified on each Purchase Orders.

8.2      VEHICLE PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS:

Grade Ability in Percent: (Low Speed Formula) 

3560 x HP - 1.5 = 6.7% min. 

20 x G.V.W.

Speed in M.P.H:

R.P.M. X 150

R X M

Speed must be 150 M.P.H. maximum.

8.3      DEFINITIONS: 

H.P. = Actual Brake Net Horsepower with accessories at governed engine speed.

G.V.W. = Gross Vehicle Weight of actual vehicle.

R.P.M. = Governed Engine Speed in Revolution Minute.

R. = Combined Ratio (axle, transmission, etc.).

M. = Tire revolutions per minute.

8.4      LUBRICANT LABEL: 

Install lubricant labels, one (1) inside the cab and two (2) outside, one (1) on each side.

Table above is the calculated entities using Matlab code. The code is attached in the appendix section of the report. RPM above 7000 is considered to be the redline and just to be in the nominal FoS, the max allowable RPM is taken to be 6000.

9.0    ENGINE:

Shall be an electronically controlled, liquid cooled, four-cycle, and six-cylinder gasoline. The engine must be compatible with the transmission and rear axle combination to deliver the performance specified herein. Mack, Cummins or equal, minimum 6.0 liter. The engine shall be compliant with United States Government, New York State, and NYC Emissions regulations at time of delivery. Engine must comply with Federal EPA emission standards for Model Year delivered for on highway and later gasoline engines.

9.1      ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM:

Shall be engineered to maintain normal engine and transmission operating temperature under the extreme stop-and-go Department operation and in ambient temperature reaching 103°F. Only one radiator shall be used for proper cooling. This is needed to keep coolant hoses, lines and connections to a minimum, to circumvent potential leaks and downtime.

9.2      ENGINE MONITORING/PROTECTION: 

The monitoring of engine performance and condition shall be accomplished utilizing premium high-quality instrumentation. This monitoring is covered in sections: Electrical, safety devices - indicators, engine sensors, engine protection - shutdown system.

9.3      OIL REQUIREMENT: 

Must be approved by the engine manufacturer and compatible with re-refined or new engine oils used by the department. Minimum American Petroleum Institute Classification Type CK-4 Viscosity Grade 5W-40.

10.0  EXHAUST SYSTEM:

Engine manufacturer approved premium exhaust system to provide maximum noise reduction, installed vertically. All flex pipe and exhaust swivel ball joint assemblies, if used, to be stainless steel. Exhaust stack to be routed to direct fumes away from cab interior and air intake. SHIELDS: 

10.1    FUEL EFFICIENCY SYSTEM:

In the interest of improving fuel economy and reducing heat load in the transmission, unit supplied shall utilize Neutral at Stop Standard or manufacturer’s equivalent fuel savings applications.

10.2    TRANSMISSION COOLER:

Stainless steel or anti-corrosive heat exchanger properly sized for the application.

10.3    TRANSMISSION MONITORING & PROTECTION:

Indicator light properly labeled and installed in the dashboard to indicate transmission overheating. When transmission oil temperature is high, the transmission will go into Limp Mode and will not shut engine down.

10.4    FILTERS:

Manufacturer’s premium internal filter(s).

10.5    FLUID TYPE:

Approved Synthetic Transmission Fluid (Transynd or equal).

10.6    ENGINE

Vendor ____________________
Make __________    Model ____________  Cylinders ________
Aspiration___________   
Displacement (Cu.In./Liter) __________ 
Gross Horsepower __________ at __________ RPM
Gross Torque __________ at __________ RPM

10.7    Transmission

Vendor ____________________ 
Make ____________________    Model ____________________ 
MAX HP Rating __________ at __________ RPM
MAX Torque Rating __________ at __________ RPM

Length __________ Height __________   Width__________
Turning Radius SAE __________
Maximum Speed __________

11.0  ENGINEERING SPEC SHEET:

 A DETAILED DS 511 IS ATTACHED HEREWITH.

12.0  MATLAB CODE:

Every information is validated and thereby tested using MATLAB programming. Charts, graphs and engineering calculations are all valid. The code is attached herewith that can be tested

clear all;

close all;

clc;

Vt= 0.006;

nc= 6;

B=0.0924;    % Bore

S = 0.1057;  % Stroke

a=S/2;

r=0.1337;  % Rod Length

N = 1000:100:7000;

Vd= nc*pi/4 *B^2*S;

rc = 11;

mass= 227; % Mass of engine

n = 2;

theta = 0:180;

t1 = pi/2 .* sind(theta);

t2=(1+eps*cosd(theta)./(1-eps^2*sind(theta).^2).^0.5);

dlUp =t1.*t2 ;

Up= pi*a*7000/60*(sind(theta)+a/(2*r)*sind(2*theta));

figure(),plot(theta,Up)

title ('Piston Velocity VS Crank Angle')

xlabel('\theta (degrees)')

ylabel('Velocity (m/s)')

AF= 14.6;  

nth= 0.85; 

nc=1;  

imep= 1.2e6; % Assumed

Qh= 44000;  % Assumed

cv= 0.821;

Wb = 313; %engine power in kW

Wi =Wb/nth;

Vd= Vt/nc;        % Disp./Cyl.

Vc = Vd / (rc-1); % Clearance

V1= Vd+Vc;

R=0.287;

P1=101.325;

T1= 273+[0 20 36];

k =1.4;

T3 = T2 + (mf*Qh)/(mm*cv);

P3 = P2.*(T3./T2);

T4 = T3*(1/rc)^(k-1);

mm = P1*V1./(R.*T1(2)); % Mass of Fuel+Air for 20C

mm = P1*V1./(R.*T1); % Mass of Fuel+Air

ma= 15/16*0.96*mm;  % Mass of Air.

mf= 1/16*0.96*mm;   % Mass of Fuel

P2 = P1 *rc^k;

T2 = T1 *rc^(k-1);

V2= mm.*R.*T2./P2;

W12=mm*R*(T2(2)-T1(2))/(1-k);     % Work From 1-2, kJ

W34=mm*R*(T4(2)-T3(2))/(1-k);     % Work From 3-4, kJ

Wi=W12+W34;

Wb=nth*Wi;

RPM=[3000:100:6000];

N=RPM/60;

Pb=Wb*N/n*4;     % kW

PbHP=Pb*1.341;   %  HP

t=Pb./(2*pi*N)*1000;    % Nm

t=t*0.73756;            % lb.ft

figure

plot(RPM,PbHP,'-+')

hold on

plot(RPM,t,'-x')

title('Comparision of Hp wrt Torque')

legend('Brake Hp','Torque (lb.ft)','location','Northwest')

xlabel('RPM')

ylabel('Brake Hp & Torque (lb.ft)')

13.0  CONCLUSION:

Our calculations yield, this engine design the result showed that the maximum performance we could reach was 450 HP and 399 lb.ft of torque. For a naturally aspirated 6 L V8, results hold true to the real life scenarios. Moreover, other calculated entities are provided in the tables above that were generated using the Matlab code. Errors from calculation are expected to be minimum.

14.0  REFERENCES:

[1] Pulkrabek W. W. Engineering Fundamentals of the Internal       Combustion Engine. The University of Wisconsin. Second edition., Prentice Hall, 2013.

[2] Febbo Michael. Turbo Sizing 101.European Car Web. 

[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_cycle